This cuisine is characterized by the use of fermented ingredients, a complex balance of sweet, sour, salty, and spicy flavors, and employs a variety of cooking techniques from steaming and stir-frying to grilling.

1. It often features dishes that include fish sauce, shrimp paste, and galangal.
2. Rice and noodles are staple carbohydrates.
3. Many dishes incorporate fresh herbs like mint, cilantro, and basil.
4. It is known for its flavorful soups and curries.